The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.